![]() ![]() This formulation of a pure type or an Ideal type concept of democracy will guide us and work as a tool in our analysis. by people’s representatives, people’s participation in the decision making, and equality before law as well. That is existence of multi-party system, universal Adult Franchise, formation of Govt. Here we can mention some of the essential characteristics of democracy. democracy in India, then our first task will be to define the concept of democracy with the help of its essential and typical characteristics. For the construction of Ideal types, the sociologist selects a certain number of traits from the whole which is otherwise and obscures, to constitute an intelligible entity. He emphasizes that he is making explicit what is already done in practice. Therefore Weber does not consider that he is establishing a new conceptual method. Ideal types are formulated by the abstraction and combination of an indefinite number of elements which though found in reality, are rarely or never discovered in specific form. It helps us to understand historical elements or entities, but it is so to speak a partial comprehension of a total whole. (3) Ideal type is also related to the analytic and partial conception of causality. The construction of Ideal type, Raymond Aron writes, “is an expression of the attempt characteristic of all scientific disciplines to render subject matter intelligible by revealing or constructing its internal rationality. (2) Moreover, the Ideal type is related to a characteristic of both our society and our science, namely the process of rationalization. In that every Ideal type is an organization of intelligible relations within a historical entity or sequence of events. (1) It is related to the notion of comprehension. The Ideal type, one of the most important concepts of Weber represents the logical conclusion of several tendencies of Weberian thought. At its most basic level, an Ideal type is a concept constructed by a social scientist on the basis of his interests and theoretical orientation, to capture the essential features of some social phenomenon. In-spite of the above definition, Weber was not totally consistent in the way he used the Ideal type. cannot be found empirically anywhere in reality.” In its conceptual purity, this mental construct…. “An ideal type is formed by the one-side accentuation of one or more points of view and by the synthesis of a great many diffuse, discrete, more or less present and occasionally absent, concrete individual phenomena, which are arranged according to those one-sidedly emphasized viewpoints into a unified analytical construct …. Julien Freund writes, “by the ideal type the sociologist is able to measure the gap between the ideal typical objectively possible action and the empirical action an ascertain the part played by irrationality and chance or by the intrusion of accidental, emotional and other elements.” This proves that everyman has in him certain ideas about perfect social action or behaviour and this ideal type is subjective that is in the mind of man. It is because of these theoretical and rational concepts that we are able to judge a man as idealist. The term idealist is an idea and how can we call a man idealist? How can we apply an idea to a concrete man? It is only because we have conception about the meaning of the term idealist and this conception is an idea of the Ideal type. For example, we say that a particular man is ‘idealist’. The ‘Ideal type’ of social action is in our mind. Weber says, sociology is concerned with social action and social behaviour. In other words Ideal types help to guide and structure comparative research.Īccording to Weber, the Science of sociology could be developed on the basis of the concept, the Ideal type. The object of constructing “Ideals types” is not to compare an empirical situation with the ideal type, but to compare several empirical situations with one another through the medium of Ideal type and derive testable hypothesis which account for the various deviations. Weber tells, the Ideal type could serve as a measuring rod of reality. It is because of its separation from empirical reality and difference from it. Just as an ideal model is constructed by the natural scientists as an instrument and means for knowing nature, so the social scientist creates Ideal type as a tool for systematizing and comprehending individual facts, against which the investigator can measure reality. In this sense, Ideal types are constructs or concepts which are used as methodological devices or tools in our understanding and analysis of any social problem. It is not a description of reality but it aims to give unambiguous means of expression to such a description.” In other words, Ideal types are concepts formulated on the basis of facts collected carefully and analytically for empirical research. “The Ideal typical concept will develop our skill in imputation in research.
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